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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ba:lyk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fish face="Times New Roman Star"ðûáà face="Times New Roman Star"balyq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"balyq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"balyk face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyq, balyg| (MA , Pav. C. , Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"baliq face="Times New Roman Star"beliq face="Times New Roman Star"balyG face="Times New Roman Star"ba:lyq face="Times New Roman Star"palyx face="Times New Roman Star"palyq (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"polú face="Times New Roman Star"balyk face="Times New Roman Star"balyk face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balyx face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"balux| face="Times New Roman Star"balyq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 335, ÝÑÒß 2, 59-60, Ëåêñèêà 177, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 443, Stachowski 52. face="Times New Roman Star"*be.- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 I 2 (*bi-r/) we face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿ 2 (*bi-r/) ìû face="Times New Roman Star"ben 1 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.), men 1 (OUygh.), biz 2 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"men 1 (MK , KB ), biz 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ben 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, bez 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ben 1 (Abush. ), biz 2 (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ma"n 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, pyz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ma"n 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, bi:z 2 face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, p@s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, pis 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, mis 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ma"n 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"e-b@ 1, e-b@r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, bihigi 2 (Poss.) face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, bihigi 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, bis 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, bi's 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, miz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"min 1, bed| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, miz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ben 1, bis 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"me:(n) 1, pise(r) 2 (ÑÑß 128) face="Times New Roman Star"men 1, biz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 346 (*be.-n), 388 (*bir/), ÝÑÒß 2, 129-130, VEWT 77, 333, Stachowski 60, 179. face="Times New Roman Star"*jumur face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bowels, intestines face="Times New Roman Star"êèøêè, âíóòðåííîñòè face="Times New Roman Star"jumur (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?umur 'maw' face="Times New Roman Star"n/umur 'maw' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937-8. Historically the root should be probably kept distinct from *jum- 'round' and *jumurtka 'egg' - although internal contaminations were of course inevitable. face="Times New Roman Star"*go"ku"r/ (/*go"gu"r/), *Ko"krek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 breast 2 middle of the back 3 reason, sense, emotion 4 female breast face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðóäü 2 ïîÿñíèöà, ñåðåäèíà ñïèíû 3 æåíñêàÿ ãðóäü face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"z 1, 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"z 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"go"g|u"s 1, ko"krek 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1 (dial., ÊÑÒÒ ), ku"kre|k 1, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gs, ko"gu"s (Sangl. ), ko"ku"s (MA ) 1, ko"krek (Abush. , Áîð. Áàä. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku.ks 1, 3, ko|kra"k 1, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"s 1, ko"kra"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"s, go":s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ks, ko"ku"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"go"vu"s 1, ku"krek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gis 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|gúw|r 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"g|u"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ksu" 'back' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"ro"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"kra"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"rek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"gu":s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kis 1, ko"kra"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"go"frix 4? face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"rek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 714, VEWT 288, ÝÑÒß 3, 54-55, 5, 136-137, Ëåêñèêà 272-274, Stachowski 155. The Oghuz forms with k- (Turkm. ku"krek, Tur. dial. ko"krek) may be < Kypchak, cf. -u"- instead of -o"- in Turkm. face="Times New Roman Star"*semir/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 fat (adj.) 2 fat (n.) 3 fatten face="Times New Roman Star"1 æèðíûé 2 æèð 3 æèðíåòü, òó÷íåòü face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"semiz (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"simyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sa"miz- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"simis 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semis 1 face="Times New Roman Star"samúr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"emis 1 face="Times New Roman Star"emis 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semis 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semis 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"himiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"semu"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 830, VEWT 409, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 45. A common Turkic derivative is *semri- / *semir- 'to become fat', see EDT ibid., ÝÑÒß 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*dal face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 branch 2 tree 3 willow face="Times New Roman Star"1 âåòêà 2 äåðåâî 3 èâà, âåðáà face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1 (KB ), 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3, (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dal 3 (Pav. C. ), tal 1 (Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to|l 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"talax 3 face="Times New Roman Star"talak 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 (also 'poplar') face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"da:l 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 489, VEWT 457, ÝÑÒß 3, 130-131, Ëåêñèêà 125-126, Stachowski 216. Turkm. tal (with irregular t-) may be a loan from Kypchak: there seems to be no reason to postulate two different roots for PT. face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"g face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"feather face="Times New Roman Star"ïåðî face="Times New Roman Star"ju"g (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"g, ju"v (dial.), Osm. ju"g face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"g face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"g face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 910, Ëåêñèêà 150. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 211b) confuses this root with *jun| 'wool', but they are certainly unrelated (although may tend to contaminate). face="Times New Roman Star"*tu"pi face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 high wind 2 dust-storm, storm face="Times New Roman Star"1 âüþãà 2 ïûëåâàÿ áóðÿ face="Times New Roman Star"tu"pi 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tipi 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) du"bu"la"j 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tibi: 1, tip- 'to blow' face="Times New Roman Star"tibi: 1, tip- 'to blow (of a snowstorm)' face="Times New Roman Star"du"vu" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"p`o" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"du"belej 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 436, VEWT 503, Ëåêñèêà 48, Stachowski 222, 223. The Uzb. and KKalp. forms may reflect a merger with PT *tu"ge-le(j) (v. sub *t`u>ge ). face="Times New Roman Star"*jalpy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 broad, flat 2 blade, paddle 3 shallow face="Times New Roman Star"1 øèðîêèé, ïëîñêèé 2 ëèñò, ëîïàñòü 3 ìåëêèé face="Times New Roman Star"jalby 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jalpyk 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|e|lpe|k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalpaq 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|lpo|q 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalpa 2, jalpaq 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"c?elbax, nalpax 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalbaq, d/albaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"salbax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"halbax 'span; foot' face="Times New Roman Star"c?albaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?albaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|alpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?alpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?alpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 919, VEWT 182, ÝÑÒß 4, 14, 100-101, Stachowski 94. This root should be distinguished from *japur-gak 'leaf' and from *jalpy- / *jelpi- 'to shake, sway'. face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"age; year face="Times New Roman Star"âîçðàñò; ãîä face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (Ettuhf. , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|s? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"jas face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? face="Times New Roman Star"c?as face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, d/as? face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol face="Times New Roman Star"sa:s face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as? face="Times New Roman Star"z?as face="Times New Roman Star"jas face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"z?as face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 975-6, ÝÑÒß 4, 161-163, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 130, TMN 4, 97, Ëåêñèêà 84. face="Times New Roman Star"*o":k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to heap up 2 many (*o":ku"l/) face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàêëàäûâàòü, íàãðîìîæäàòü 2 ìíîãî (*o":ku"l/) face="Times New Roman Star"u"k- 1, u"ku"s? 2 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"k- 1, u"ku"s? 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u">j- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"k- 1 (Áîð. Áàä. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"uj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"g- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ug|a 'heap' face="Times New Roman Star"u":- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"j- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"j- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"j- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u">j- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"j- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 100, 118, ÝÑÒß 1, 620-621, Stachowski 249. Modern forms point rather to *-g-; reasons for this voicing are not quite clear. face="Times New Roman Star"*u"ru"n| (*o"ru"n|) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 white 2 dawn face="Times New Roman Star"1 áåëûé 2 ðàññâåò face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n 'milk, yoghurt' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| (Sangl. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"hirin, hu"ru"n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1, o"ru"o"s, u"ru"o"s 'áåëàÿ êàéìà íà ìîðäå' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| baran| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 233-4, Ëåêñèêà 601, Stachowski 253. face="Times New Roman Star"*u":r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fat face="Times New Roman Star"æèð face="Times New Roman Star"u"z (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"z (AH ), o"z 'clinging mud' (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"s face="Times New Roman Star"u"s face="Times New Roman Star"u"s face="Times New Roman Star"jor-var 'ñêîðîìíàÿ ïèùà' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ska"l face="Times New Roman Star"u"s 'liquid fat' face="Times New Roman Star"u"s 'liquid fat' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 278-279, VEWT 523, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 154, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 491, Ëåêñèêà 454-455. Chuv. va- points to a long *u":-. face="Times New Roman Star"*oruk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 road 2 path face="Times New Roman Star"1 äîðîãà 2 òðîïà face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 (MK , Tefs. ) face="Times New Roman Star"org|ax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"orox 2 face="Times New Roman Star"orok 2 face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 215, Stachowski 196. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 364; similarly in Ëåêñèêà 531-532, ÝÑÒß 4, 218) derives this word from *or- 'to dig', which is rather dubious semantically. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"l/u"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a relation by marriage face="Times New Roman Star"ñâîéñòâåííèê, ðîäñòâåííèê ïî áðàêó face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s?u"k (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 380-381. face="Times New Roman Star"*du":p face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bottom; root face="Times New Roman Star"äíî; îñíîâàíèå; êîðåíü face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p (tu"b) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p (tu"b) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dip face="Times New Roman Star"tu">p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"b (Pav. C. ), tu"p (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tub face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p, top face="Times New Roman Star"dib face="Times New Roman Star"du":p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"t@p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"gex (?) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"gek (?) face="Times New Roman Star"du"p face="Times New Roman Star"du"p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"tu">p face="Times New Roman Star"dip face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"tu"p face="Times New Roman Star"tub face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 434-435, VEWT 505, ÝÑÒß 3, 317-319, TMN 2, 652-654 ( > Mong. tu"b, to"b), Ëåêñèêà 108-109, Stachowski 234. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ry face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old woman or man 3 to become old face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðûé 2 ñòàðóõà, ñòàðèê 3 ñòàðåòü face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK , KB ) 1, qary- (MK , KB ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kary, kart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MA , Abush. ) 1, qary- (MA , Abush. ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1, qari- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 1,2, qeri- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gary, Gart 2,1 face="Times New Roman Star"Garry 1, Garra- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kir@ 1, kir@- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1, qary- 3, qart 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary ? qe|ri, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1,2 (also 'woman') face="Times New Roman Star"qary, g|arry 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 644, TMN 3, 440, ÝÑÒß 5, 311-312, 314-316, Ëåêñèêà 84-85, Stachowski 169, 170. face="Times New Roman Star"*ju(b)- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to wash; to bathe, to swim face="Times New Roman Star"ìûòü; êóïàòüñÿ, ïëàâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"ju- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju- face="Times New Roman Star"ju- face="Times New Roman Star"ju- (Pav. C. , AH , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"juw- face="Times New Roman Star"juw-, juj- face="Times New Roman Star"juw-, ju- face="Times New Roman Star"ju(w)- face="Times New Roman Star"juw- face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug|- face="Times New Roman Star"ju:- face="Times New Roman Star"s/u- face="Times New Roman Star"su:-j- face="Times New Roman Star"hu:-j- face="Times New Roman Star"c?u:- face="Times New Roman Star"c?u- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u:- face="Times New Roman Star"z?uw- face="Times New Roman Star"juw- face="Times New Roman Star"jyw- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uw-, z?uw-, zuw-; z?u:n- face="Times New Roman Star"juw- face="Times New Roman Star"z?uw- face="Times New Roman Star"ju- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uw- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 870, VEWT 209, ÝÑÒß 4, 238, Stachowski 114. face="Times New Roman Star"*b(i)a:- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to bind 2 to fasten 3 bundle 4 bond, rope face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñâÿçûâàòü 2 óêðåïëÿòü 3 ñâÿçêà 4 âåðåâêà face="Times New Roman Star"ba- 1, 2, ba-g| 3, 4, 'confederation' (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ba- 1, 2, ba-g| 3, 4 (MK , KB , At. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ba-g| 3, 4, ba-g|-la- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"baw 3, 4, be|j 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bag| 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bo|g| 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bag| 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"pag| 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bag| 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ba:G 4 face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) pag| (Kyz.) 4 face="Times New Roman Star"pag| (R ) 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bu: 4 face="Times New Roman Star"va:- 1, bag| 4 (bag| m.b. < Ogh.) face="Times New Roman Star"pújav 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ba:-j- 1, 2, bya 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ba:-j- 1, bya 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bag|-la- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Bag| 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bo: 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"baw 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"baw 4 face="Times New Roman Star"baw 4, ba"j 4 face="Times New Roman Star"baw 4 face="Times New Roman Star"ba:-la- (< *bag-la-) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bag| 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"baw 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bax| 4 face="Times New Roman Star"baw 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 292, 310, ÝÑÒß 2, 13-17, VEWT 53 (*ba:, deriv. *ba:-g), Ôåäîòîâ 1, 411, Stachowski 55, 69. Turk. *ba:g > Mong. bag| (KW 27, TMN 2, 254), bag|c?a ( > Man. baqsan etc., see Doerfer MT 142). Yak. has a standard verbal stem modifier (-j-). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kad face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wind, whirlwind face="Times New Roman Star"âåòåð, âèõðü face="Times New Roman Star"qad| (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kaj 'rainy weather' face="Times New Roman Star"qaj (AH , Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gaj face="Times New Roman Star"xas face="Times New Roman Star"xata:- 'to be cold in spring' face="Times New Roman Star"xat, xady- 'to be frozen', face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 'to be frozen' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 593, ÝÑÒß 5, 193-194, Ëåêñèêà 46. Borrowing < Sam. *kacu 'whirlwind' is hardly credible, despite Helimski 1995 .
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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